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The Celtic toponymy of Galicia is the whole of the ancient or modern place, river, or mountain names which were originated inside a Celtic language, and thus have Celtic etymology, and which are or were located inside the limits of modern Galicia. == Ancient Celtic toponyms == In Galicia, approximately half of the non Latin toponyms transmitted from antiquity in the works of classical geographers and authors (Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, Ptolemy...), or in epigraphic Roman inscriptions, have been found to be Celtic,〔Curchin (2008) pp. 109, 130-131.〕〔Vallejo (2009) pp. 272-273.〕 being the other half mostly Indo-European but either arguably non Celtic, or lacking a solid Celtic etymology. Here is a non exhaustive list of toponyms which have been found to be, probably, Celtic.〔In general, cf. Falileyev (2007), Curchin (2008), Luján (2006). Reconstructed Proto-Celtic forms are usually given according to the forms proposed by Matasovic (2009). As in the rest of the article, an asterisk marks an otherwise hypothetical form.〕 The most characteristic element is -bri(s),〔Koch (2006) p. 790〕 from Proto-Celtic *brigs,〔Prósper (2002) p. 358〕 with its derivative *brigā, both meaning 'hill', and thence 'hillfort' and 'town'. The only type of settlement known in Galicia during the Iron Age are forts and fortified towns built in hills and peninsulas. Many of them were abandoned after the Roman conquest. * Aediobri:〔Prósper (2002) p. 258.〕 From a votive inscription to the god BANDVE AEDIOBRICO. To *aydu- 'fire' or *(p)ētu- '(grass)land, territory',〔cf. Matasovic (2009) s.v. *fētu-.〕 and *brixs 'hill(fort)'. Cf. Irish ''brí'' 'hill' and Welsh ''brig'' 'crest', and the people of the ''Aedui'' in Gaul. * Asseconia or Assegonion:〔Curchin (2008) p.117; Luján (2006) p. 726.〕 A town. Maybe to *Ad-sego- 'The very strong one'. * Aviliobris:〔Curchin (2008) p. 117.〕 Castle (hillfort) in NW Galicia. To *Awelyobrixs 'Windy Hill'. Cf. Breton/Welsh ''awel'' 'wind'. * Adrobricam urbem:〔Curchin (2008) p. 115; Luján (2006) p. 728; Delamarre (2012) p. 41〕 City of the Artabri. To *brig- 'hill(fort)'. * Albiones:〔Luján (2006) p. 723.〕 A people living in between the rivers Navia and Eo. To *albiyo- '(upper) world' or 'country'.〔Delamarre (2003) p. 37; Koch (2006) s.v. albio, albiones.〕 * Arrotrebae:〔 A people living by the seashore, in NW Galicia. To *trebā 'settlement', and *aryo-, either 'free man'〔Delamarre (2003) p. 37〕 or a derivative of *(p)are- 'in front of'.〔Prósper (2008) p. 37.〕 * Aunios:〔Curchin (2008) p. 111.〕〔Delamarre (2012) p. 67〕 An island on the Atlantic ocean, modern Ons. To Celtic *auni-, of unclear meaning and etymology.〔Delamarre (2003) p. 61.〕 Hydatius mentions a local people called ''Aunonenses'', confronted with the Suevi newcomers in the 5th century. * Berisamo:〔Curchin (2008) p. 118.〕 A hillfort of the Cileni. Probably to the superlative *Bergisamo- 'The highest one'.〔Prósper (2002) p. 360.〕 * Beriso:〔 A hillfort of the Cabarci, probably to the comparative *Bergiso- 'The higher one'.〔 * Bonisana:〔Falileyev (2007) s.v.〕 A town. To *bonu- 'foundation, base, butt'. Cf. Old Iris ''bun'' 'foundation, base, estuary'. * Brevis:〔 A town. To *brīwā 'bridge'. * Brigantia:〔 Ancient city, most probably modern A Coruña (''Faro Bregancio'' in 971 CE). From *brigant- 'relevant, powerful'.〔cf. Matasovic (2009) s.v. *brig-, *brigo-.〕 * Callaecia〔 'The land of the Callaeci', to *kallā- 'wood'〔cf. Matasovic (2009) s.v. *kallī-.〕 with a local complex suffix -āik-. Later it became ''Gallicia'', modern ''Galicia'' or ''Galiza''. * Calubriga:〔Curchin (2008) p. 119; Luján (2006) p. 728.〕 A hillfort. To *brigā 'hill(fort)', and a first element of unclear meaning. * Cambetum:〔Curchin (2008) p. 119〕 A town. To *kambo- 'crooked, twisted'. * Canibri:〔 A town. To *kani- 'good, nice' and *brigs 'hill(fort)'. Cf. Old Irish ''cain'' 'good, nice'. * Celtici: Either a descriptive name applied by classical geographers to a group of peoples living in Western Galicia, or a Celtic endonym based on the *kelt- theme also present in a series of Hispano-Celtic names: CELTIATUS, CELTIATIS, ARCELTI, CONCELTI, CELTIUS.〔Cf. (Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss / Slaby ).〕 * Cistonia:〔Curchin (2008) p. 120.〕 A town. To *kistā- 'woven basket',〔cf. Matasovic (2009). s.v.〕 and eventually 'chariot'.〔Delamarre (2003) p. 117.〕 * Coelerni:〔Curchin (2008) p.120; Delamarre (2003) s.v. coilos.〕 A people living in southern Galicia. To *koyl- 'thin (naked, bold)'. Cf. Old Irish ''cóil'' 'meagre, lean'. * Coeliobriga:〔 An oppidum near Celanova, most probably the capital of the Coelerni. To *koyl- and *brigā. * Copori: A people dwelling in central Galicia, from the confluence of the Sar and Ulla rivers in the west, until Lugo in the east. Their name is probably non-Celtic, but note the Pictish *copor- 'confluence',〔Koch (2006) p. 1593.〕 maybe to *kom-bero- 'confluence' (or 'bring together').〔cf. Matasovic (2009) p. 214.〕 * Ebora:〔Curchin (2008) p. 121.〕 Harbour, by the mouth of the Tambre river. To *eburo- 'yew'. * Ebronanto (Valerio of Bierzo, ''Ordo Cerimonialis'', c. 650). A state near moder Rubiá. To *Eburo-nantu 'Yew-Valley'. * Equasei:〔Pliny, Natural History III.28.〕 A people living in southern Galicia. To *ekʷo- 'horse'.〔cf. Matasovic (2009) s.v.〕 Cf. Old Irish ''ech'' 'horse'. * Ercoriobri:〔Luján (2006) p. 728.〕 A hillfort of the Albiones. A composite with first element *(p)are-koro- 'blow, shot' (cf. Old Breton ''ercor'' 'blow, stroke'),〔cf. Matasovic (2009) s.v. *fare-koro-.〕 or *Ēri-corio- 'army/tribe of the west', and *brixs 'hill / hillfort'. * Gigurri:〔 A people living in actual Valdeorras. From *Gigur-yo, maybe 'the gander (people)'. Cf. Old Irish ''gigrann'' 'gander'. * Glandomirum:〔Curchin (2008) p. 122.〕 To *glendos- 'valley, shore'. * Iria: modern Padrón. To *(p)īweryā- 'Fertile land'.〔cf. Curchin (2008) p. 122.〕 * Laniobriga:〔Curchin (2008) p. 123.〕 Probable ancient name of the hillfort of San Cibrao de Lás, San Amaro, although the lecture of the inscription which contains this toponym is disputed.〔cf. Prósper (2002) p. 258.〕 To *(p)lānyobrigā 'Hillfort of the Plain'.〔Falileyev (2007) s.v. lān(i)o-.〕 * Laniobre:〔 Bishopric during the 7th century. To *(p)lānyobrixs. * Lemavi:〔Lujan (2006) p. 725.〕 A people inhabiting the valley of Lemos. To *Lēmawoi ‘The Elm people’, to *lēmo- 'elm'. * Limia:〔Curchin (2008) p. 113〕〔Delamarre (2012) p. 178〕 River, modern (ガリシア語:Limia) or (ポルトガル語:Lima), near to its sources it became a large lagoon or marshy area, today desiccated. From *līmā- 'flood'.〔cf. Ward (1996) s.v.〕 Cf. Welsh ''llif'' idem. * Lubri:〔 Hillfort of the Celtici. The first element, *lū-, can be an evolution of *luw- 'to set free, escape', or of *low- 'to flow', among other possibilities. Maybe Lubri 'The Free Hillfort'. * Medullium: Mountain by the Miño river, near the Ocean, where a very large number of opposing Gallaecians would have been besieged by the Romans,〔Orosius, ''Historiarum adversum paganos'', VI.21.〕 the former giving themselves death when the situation became desperate. To *med-o- 'judge', *med-yo- 'middle' or *medu- 'mead'.〔Cf. Falileyev (2007) s.v. Medulli.〕 Cf. place-names ''Medulli'', ''Medullis'', ''Medulla'', in Gaul. * Minius:〔Curchin (2008) p. 113〕 Largest river in Galicia, modern (ガリシア語:Miño) or (ポルトガル語:Minho). To *mīno- 'tender, soft', cf. Old Irish ''mín'' idem. * Miobri:〔Curchin (2008) p. 124.〕 Hillfort of the Celtici. Probably to *Meyobrixs 'Minor Hill(fort)'.〔cf. Delamarre (2003) s.v. meion.〕 A dedication to COSO MEOBRIGO ( *Meyobri-ko) may also refer to this castle, or to another one under the same name. * Morodon:〔Curchin (2008) p. 124; Luján (2006) p. 727.〕 A town by the ocean. To *mor- 'sea' and *dūno- 'fort'. Cf. the British toponym ''Moridunum''. * Navia:〔〔Delamarre (2012) p. 204〕 River, still known under the same name today. To *nāwiā- 'boat (vase, bowl)'.〔Delamarre (2003) s.v. nauson.〕 * Nemetobriga:〔 Probably the capital of the Tiburi, in SE Galicia. To *nemeto- 'sanctuary' and *brigā 'hill(fort)'. * Nerii:〔Curchin (2008) p. 112; Luján (2006) p.724.〕 A Celtici tribe dwelling near or around today's Fisterra. To *nero- 'hero'. * Novium:〔Curchin (2008) p.124; Luján (2006) p.727; Delamarre (2012) p. 178〕 A town sometimes considered to be modern Noia. From *nowyo- 'new'. * Ocelum:〔Curchin (2008) p. 125.〕 A town, near Lugo. To *ok-elo- 'promontory'.〔cf. Matasovic (2009) s.v. *akro-.〕 * Olca:〔Curchin (2008) p. 125; Lujan (2006) p. 727.〕 A castle by Rodeiro, in the highlands of middle Galicia. To *(p)olkā 'arable lands'.〔cf. Matasovic (2009) s.v. *folkā-.〕 * Olina:〔Curchin (2008) p. 125; Luján (2006) p.727.〕 A town. To *olīnā- 'elbow, angle'. * Ontonia:〔Delamarre (2012) p. 211〕 A town. From *φonth2-on-yā '(the one of the) path'. * Querquerni: A people living in southern Galicia. To Indo-European *perkʷos 'oak', with Celtic assimilation.〔Curchin (2008) p.116; Luján (2006) p. 724.〕 * Seurri: A people living in both banks of the middle curse of the Miño river. To *seg-ur-yo-, 'the powerful ones'.〔Prósper (2008) pp. 38-40.〕 * Talabriga:〔Luján (2006) p. 729.〕 Castle of the Limici. To *talu- 'front, forehead, protuberance, shield'〔Ward (1996) s.v.; Delamarre (2003) p. 288.〕 and *brigā 'hill(fort)'. * Tamaris:〔〔Delamarre (2012) p. 246〕 River, modern Tambre. To *tamo- 'dark'. * Trileukon:〔 A promontory, modern ''Punta dos Aguillóns'' or ''Cabo Ortegal''. To *trīs- 'three' or 'very', and *louko- 'bright, shining'. * Verubri:〔Curchin (2008) p. 129; Prósper (2002) p. 259.〕 Name of a castle, as deduced of a dedication to the god BANDUE VERUBRIGO ( *Weru-bri-ko or *U(p)ero-bri-ko). To *weru- 'broad' or *u(p)er- 'superior', and *brixs 'hill(fort)'. * Vindius: The Cantabrian Mountains, a mountain range, usually more than 2000 meters high, running from Galicia till Cantabria. To *windo- 'white', so 'The White (mountains)'. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Celtic place names in Galicia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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